A deep dive into ancient programming at Verona’s amphitheatre: gladiators, venationes, stagecraft, and the civic calendar.

Roman spectacle at Verona balanced ritual, entertainment, and civic cohesion.
| Type | Features | Logistics |
|---|---|---|
| Gladiatorial combats | Pairings, rulesets | Training schools, medical teams |
| Venationes (hunts) | Animals, traps | Tunnel entries, sand prep |
| Theatricals | Props, scenery | Crew, safe stage areas |

Safety engineering existed: sand depth, barrier placement, and crew drill reduced hazards while sustaining spectacle.
[^calendar]: Programming aligned with civic calendars, imperial visits, and local patronage.

Como amante de Verona e autor de viagens, criei este guia para ajudar os visitantes a captar o espírito da Arena — engenho romano que encontra a música contemporânea, num abraço de pedra e canto.
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