Cavea Seating and Vomitoria: Verona Arena Circulation

The cavea orchestrates arrival, seating, and egress. Roman vomitoria (entry tunnels) and radial stair vaults dovetail to maximize throughput while preserving structural calm.

Layout and Flow

• Distributed entries: Multiple vomitoria reduce congestion peaks.
• Radial stairs: Divide flows into manageable streams.
• Podium control: Stewards (ancient + modern) govern tier transitions.

🚶 Throughput and Safety

$$ T_{ ext{egress}} approx rac{N}{sum_i c_i} quad ext{with capacities } c_i ext{ per exit} $$

Checklist:

• Clear signage and steward placement
• Staggered release by sectors
• Barrier positions pre-validated
• Medical and accessibility routes marked

🪑 Seating Typologies

• Lower cavea: Proximity, flatter rake.
• Middle tiers: Balance view and distance.
• Upper cavea: Steeper rake, broader horizon.

Flow is geometry-in-action, balancing speed, safety, and comfort.